As transmission voltages increase, several technical challenges become more pronounced and must be carefully managed to ensure the reliability and safety of the system. These challenges include:

• Corona Discharge: At very high voltages, the electric field around conductors can ionize the surrounding air, leading to a phenomenon known as corona discharge. This results in energy loss, audible noise, radio interference, and can degrade equipment over time. Solutions often involve using bundled conductors (multiple conductors per phase) to reduce the electric field strength.

• Insulation and Clearance: Higher voltages require more robust insulation and greater air clearances between conductors and grounded structures to prevent arcing. This directly impacts the design and cost of towers, insulators, and other equipment.

• Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): High-voltage lines generate strong electromagnetic fields that can interfere with nearby communication lines and electronic equipment. Careful line routing and shielding are necessary to mitigate this.

• Surge Impedance Loading (SIL): For long transmission lines, the natural power-carrying capacity (SIL) can be a limitation. Special equipment like Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) or series/shunt compensation devices are used to improve power transfer capability and voltage stability.